In the water transportation projects of inland waterways, such as channel dredging and port construction, encounters with rocks are common. Conventional dredging vessels are unable to excavate hard soil layers or the excavation costs are high. In such cases, underwater rock breaking is a widely used and effective engineering method. Underwater rock breaking is an important component of engineering rock breaking, and gas expansion rock-breaking technology is known for its simplicity of operation and remarkable effectiveness. It significantly improves construction speed, while the gas expansion rock-breaking technique poses minimal risks in terms of water shock waves and seismic waves, meeting safety standards for the protection of structures and aquatic organisms.